Which statement is NOT listed as a risk factor for spina bifida?

Which statement is NOT listed as a risk factor for spina bifida?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Low folic acid
• C. Valproic acid exposure
• D. Maternal hyperthermia

Answer: (A)

Neural tube defects arise from factors that interfere with the early formation of the neural tube in the first weeks of pregnancy. Low folic acid is a well-established risk factor because folate is essential for proper neural tube closure; supplementing folic acid before conception and in early pregnancy helps reduce this risk. Valproic acid exposure is a known teratogen that increases the likelihood of neural tube defects when taken during pregnancy. Maternal hyperthermia, such as high fever or overheating in early pregnancy, can disrupt neural tube closure and raise risk. Regular exercise does not increase the risk; in fact, staying active is generally beneficial for maternal health during pregnancy. Thus, regular exercise is the statement that is not listed as a risk factor.